CANDLE Logo        CANDLE  Design Report 
 
 
                                                      WELCOME
  We are pleased to announce to the Scientific Community around the world of the establishment of CANDLE (Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission) and of its plans to construct a   3 GeV Third Generation Synchrotron Light Source Facility in the Republic of Armenia. CANDLE is a private non-profit corporation headquartered in the United States of America with a subsidiary in Armenia		  
 
          It is our vision and desire that CANDLE will provide an opportunity for the scientists in the region and beyond to have access to a user-friendly, world-class, third generation light source.  A natural byproduct of CANDLE will be the renewal of the scientific standards in Armenia to its past world-class level, and the provision of employment for Armenian, as well as, neighboring mature and young scientists, thus reversing the brain drain from the region. These scientists will conduct research and development to bring about advances in health, environmental protection, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, electronics, crystallography and other useful and peaceful causes for the benefit of all humanity. As its initial activity, a large group of scientists from Armenia, with the help of many scientists from the international community have prepared this CANDLE Design Report, which will
be reviewed and become the basis for proceeding to construction. Upon conclusion of the review and a favorable recommendation, construction will begin with an estimated 5-year completion date. While many of the activities are to be done in Armenia, we anticipate strong scientific collaborations between Armenia and neighboring and far countries for the design, construction and operation of CANDLE. We welcome any suggestions or recommendations from qualified individuals, scientists, engineers, machinists and philanthropists.

President, Jirair Hovnanian

 
 
Title Page                                                                               Download
 
Author List & Acknowledgements                                    Download
 
  Preface                                                                                   Download
 

1. Introduction                                                          Download 
 

2. Overview                                                      Chapter Download 
2.1 Scientific Case
2.2 Synchrotron Radiation characteristics
2.3 Design Overview
 
3. Storage Ring
3.1 Magnetic Lattice                                      Section Download 
3.1.1 Figure of Merits and Lattice Design
3.1.2 Standard Cell and Linear optics 
3.1.3 Electron Beam Parameters
3.1.4 Chromaticity Compentsation and Dynamical Aperture
3.1.5 Magnet Parameters
 
3.2 Machine Physics                                      Section Download 
3.2.1 Beam Injection
3.2.2 Misalignment and Field Errors
3.2.3 Closed Orbit Correction
3.2.4 Coupling and Correction
3.2.5 Effect of Insertion Devices
3.2.6 Nonlinear Effects
 
3.3 RF System                                                  Section Download 
3.3.1 Cavities
3.3.2 RF power Requirements
3.3.3 RF Operation and Low Level Electronics
3.3.4 HOM Damped Cavity
 
3.4 Ring Impedance                                       Section Download 
3.4.1 Resistive Wall Impedance
3.4.2 Surface Roughness
3.4.3 Vacuum Chamber Discontinuities
3.4.4 Impedance Summary
 
3.5 Beam Physics                                            Section Download 
3.5.1 Ion Trapping 
3.5.2 Single Bunch Instabilities
3.5.3 Longitudinal Coupled Bunch Instability
3.5.4 Transverse Coupled Bunch Instability
 
3.6 Beam Lifetime                                            Section Download 
3.6.1 Quantum Lifetime
3.6.2 Intra-beam Scattering ( Touschek Lifetime )
3.6.3 Residual Gas Scattering
 
3.7 Storage Ring Magnets                              Section Download 
3.7.1 Dipole Magnets
3.7.2 Quadrupole Magnets
3.7.3 Sextupole Magnets
3.7.4 Corrector Magnets 
3.7.5 Kicker Magnets
3.7.6 Septum Magnets
3.7.7 Magnet Support System
 
3.8 Vacuum System                                          Section Download 
3.8.1 Vacuum Chamber Design
3.8.2 Water Cooling and Absorbers
3.8.3 Mechanical Properties of the Chamber
3.8.4 Pumping System
 
3.9 Power Supply System                                Section Download 
3.9.1 Dipole Magnet Power Supply
3.9.2 Quadrupole Magnet Power Supply
3.9.3 Sextupole Magnet Power Supply
3.9.4 Corrector Magnets
3.9.5 Pulsed Magnet Power Supply
 

4. Injection System
4.1 Booster Synchrotron. Magnetic system  Section Download 
4.1.1 Booster Lattice 
4.1.2 Misalignments and Closed Orbit Correction
4.1.3 Injection and Extraction
4.1.4 Magnet Parameters
 
4.2 Energy Ramp  and Related Effects        Section Download 
4.2.1 RF system
4.2.2 Beam Acceleration Performance
4.2.3 Eddy Current Effects
 
4.3 Booster synchrotron. Sub-systems          Section Download 
4.3.1 Magnets 
4.3.2 Vacuum System of the Booster
4.3.3 Power Supply System
 
4.4 Injector Linear Accelerator                 Section Download 
4.4.1 Electron Gun 
4.4.2 Bunching Section
4.4.3 The 100 MeV Linac
4.4.4 Beam Diagnostics and Control
 
4.5 Transfer Lines                                        Section Download 
4.5.1 Linac to Booster Transfer Line
4.5.2 Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line
 
5. X-ray Sources and Beamlines                       Chapter Download 
5.1 Front End and Standard Beamline Components
5.2 General Diffraction and Scattering Beamline - BM01A
5.3 Medical Beamline
5.4 Protein Crystallography
5.5 X-ray Lythography and Micro-machining
5.6 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and Microscopy
5.7 White Beam Diffraction
 
6. Diagnostic and Control Systems
 6.1 Diagnostic System                                Section Download 
6.1.1 Beam Current Monitors
6.1.2 Beam Position Monitors
6.1.3 Diagnostic Beamline
6.1.4 Scrapers and Beam Loss Monitors
6.1.5 Closed Orbit and Tune Stabilizations
 
6.2 Control System                                       Section Download 
6.2.1 Architecture
6.2.2 Computer Communications
6.2.3 Implementation
 
7. Radiation Safety                                              Chapter Download 
7.1 General Considerations
7.2 Radiation Shielding Requirements
7.3 Beamline Personnel Protection
 
8. Site and Conventional Facilities                  Chapter Download 
8.1 Summary of Geological Analysis
8.2 Building
8.3 Infrastructure
 
9. Cost and Schedules                                         Chapter Download 
9.1 Project Cost
9.2 Project Implementation and Milestones
 
10. Personnel                                                          Chapter Download 

Last Modified 13 August 2009

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